Which are the causes of Gastroschisis?

Gastroschisis is a rare congenital birth defect that affects the abdominal wall of a developing fetus. It occurs when the muscles and skin in the baby's abdominal wall do not form properly during early pregnancy. As a result, the intestines and sometimes other organs protrude outside the body through a hole near the belly button. This condition requires immediate medical attention and surgical intervention after birth.

The exact cause of gastroschisis is not yet fully understood, but several factors have been identified as potential contributors:

1. Genetic Factors: Research suggests that there may be a genetic component to gastroschisis. Studies have shown that the risk of having a baby with gastroschisis is slightly higher if a close family member, such as a sibling or parent, has had the condition.



2. Environmental Factors: Certain environmental factors have been associated with an increased risk of gastroschisis. These include young maternal age (under 20), tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and illicit drug use during pregnancy. Exposure to certain medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and some antidepressants, may also play a role.



3. Maternal Factors: Some maternal health conditions and behaviors have been linked to an increased risk of gastroschisis. These include pre-existing diabetes, obesity, poor nutrition, and inadequate prenatal care. Maternal exposure to infections, particularly sexually transmitted infections, may also contribute to the development of gastroschisis.



4. Placental Factors: The placenta plays a crucial role in supplying nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus. Any disruption in its function can potentially affect fetal development. Some studies have suggested that abnormalities in the placenta, such as reduced blood flow or insufficient nutrient transfer, may be associated with an increased risk of gastroschisis.

It is important to note that gastroschisis is a complex condition, and it is likely that a combination of genetic and environmental factors contribute to its development. However, further research is needed to fully understand the underlying causes and mechanisms involved.