Original
The hallmark of ARDS is diffuse injury to cells which form the alveolar barrier, surfactant dysfunction, activation of the innate immune response, and abnormal coagulation.[1] In effect, ARDS results in impaired gas exchange within the lungs at the level of the microscopic alveoli
The syndrome is associated with a high mortality rate between 20 and 50%.[2] The mortality rate with ARDS varies widely based on severity, the patient's age, and the presence of other underlying medical conditions.
Although the terminology of "adult respiratory distress syndrome" has at times been used to differentiate ARDS from "infant respiratory distress syndrome" in neonates, international consensus is that "acute respiratory distress syndrome" is the best term because ARDS can affect those of all ages.[3]