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Type 1 TN is caused by blood vessels or an artery pressing against the fifth cranial nerve or trigeminal nerve, resulting in excruciating facial pain that is electric shock like in nature or that leads to unbearable attacks resembling cluster headaches. Luckily, this type of TN can be successfully treated with MVD.
The cause of type 2 TN, however, is still unknown.
In some cases, TN is related to an underlying auto-immune disorder, such as MS, for example.
In very rare cases, type 1 TN is caused by a neoplasm (tumour), aneurysm or some vascular anomaly.