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The root cause of achalasia is metabolic error in the acetylcholinestarase/cholinesterase metabolism. Acetylcholinesterase cause muscle contraction. Cholinesterase causes the muscles to relax.
Most western medicine practicitioners would tell you there is no "known cause." And they would make their diagnosis under one of the subheadings. One of the subheadings is "toxicant induced intermittant achalasia." I believe they all are caused by environmental factors, the doctors just don't have the training to connect the dots.
I'm not talking out of my hat. I hold medical certifications from the ATSDR on Emvironmental Monographs of specific toxins that produce certain symptoms and disease conditions. These certifications are available for MDs, for continuing education. I have the avetylcholinesterase/cholinesterase certificate of medicine.