Оригинал
The exact underlying causes and mechanisms of Klippel-Feil Syndrome (KFS) are not well understood. In general, medical researchers believe KFS happens when the tissue of the embryo that normally develops into separate vertebrae does not divide correctly.
Isolated KFS (meaning not associated with another syndrome) can be sporadic or inherited. Although KFS may in some cases be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, mutations in at least three genes have been linked to KFS: GDF6, GDF3 and MEOX1.
When Klippel-Feil Syndrome is a feature of another disorder, such as fetal alcohol syndrome, Goldenhar syndrome, Wildervanck syndrome or hemifacial microsomia, among others, it is caused by mutations in genes involved in the other disorder.