What is Acquired Brain Injury (ABI)

Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) is any damage to the brain that occurs after birth, resulting in changes to cognitive, physical, emotional, or behavioral functioning. Unlike congenital conditions or those caused by genetic disorders, an Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) is typically the result of external trauma, medical events, or environmental factors that disrupt normal brain activity.

What causes an Acquired Brain Injury (ABI)?

An Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) is classified into two primary categories: traumatic and non-traumatic. Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) result from external physical force, such as a fall, motor vehicle accident, or sports injury. Non-traumatic injuries involve internal biological events, including strokes, oxygen deprivation (hypoxia), infections like meningitis, or brain tumors. These events cause damage through mechanical shearing, inflammation, or metabolic collapse of neural tissue.

How does an Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) affect the body?

Because the brain serves as the command center for the entire body, the effects of an Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) are highly variable. The impact depends on the location and severity of the injury. Common effects include:

• Cognitive challenges: Difficulties with memory, attention, executive function, and processing speed.


• Physical symptoms: Balance issues, chronic headaches, fatigue, and motor coordination deficits.


• Emotional/Behavioral changes: Mood swings, depression, anxiety, or changes in personality.


• Sensory impairments: Sensitivity to light or sound and changes in vision or hearing.

How common is an Acquired Brain Injury (ABI)?

Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) is a significant public health issue globally. According to the CDC, millions of people sustain a TBI alone each year in the United States. While age and gender distribution vary by cause—for example, falls are more common in older adults, while motor vehicle accidents are more frequent in young adults—an Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) can affect anyone regardless of age, gender, or geography. Currently, 15 people with Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) have joined the DiseaseMaps.org community to share their lived experiences.

Next steps

• Consult a neurologist or physiatrist to establish a personalized rehabilitation plan.


• Connect with others through the DiseaseMaps community to share resources and support.


• Keep a detailed symptom journal to track progress and assist your medical team during appointments.


• Explore specialized neuro-rehabilitation therapies, including occupational, physical, and speech therapy.

Medical disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment; always seek the advice of your physician regarding any medical condition.

References

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Traumatic Brain Injury & Concussion.


• NIH National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS): Brain Injury Information.


• Brain Injury Association of America (BIAA): Understanding ABI.


• Mayo Clinic: Traumatic Brain Injury Overview.