What is Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a fast-growing cancer of the blood and bone marrow that occurs when the body produces abnormal, immature white blood cells called myeloblasts. These non-functioning cells crowd out healthy blood cells, leading to fatigue, frequent infections, and bleeding issues, requiring prompt medical intervention.

What happens in the body with Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)?

In a healthy individual, the bone marrow produces balanced amounts of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. With Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), the bone marrow experiences a genetic error that causes it to produce immature, dysfunctional cells that cannot fight infection or carry oxygen effectively. Because these cells multiply rapidly, they overwhelm the bone marrow, preventing it from creating the healthy cells the body needs to function, which leads to the systemic symptoms characteristic of the disease.

How is Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) classified?

Physicians classify Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) primarily using the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, which looks at the genetic mutations and chromosomal changes within the leukemia cells. Understanding these subtypes is critical for determining the most effective treatment plan. Common features include:

• Presence of specific genetic mutations (e.g., FLT3, NPM1, or IDH1/2).


• Evidence of prior blood disorders, such as myelodysplastic syndromes.


• History of exposure to chemotherapy or radiation therapy.


• Morphological characteristics observed under a microscope.

Who is typically affected by Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)?

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is primarily a disease of older adults, with the median age of diagnosis being approximately 68 years. While it can occur at any age, it is rare in children. The incidence rate is roughly 4.3 per 100,000 people annually in the United States. It is slightly more common in men than in women. While there are 62 community members on DiseaseMaps.org currently sharing their experiences with Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), it is important to remember that every patient’s journey is unique based on their specific genetic profile.

How does Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) differ from other leukemias?

The "acute" in Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) signifies that the disease progresses rapidly and requires immediate treatment, unlike chronic leukemias which may develop over years. Furthermore, it specifically involves the myeloid lineage of white blood cells, distinguishing it from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which affects the lymphoid lineage.

Next steps

• Consult a hematologist-oncologist immediately to discuss specialized genetic testing.


• Ask your care team about clinical trials that may offer access to novel targeted therapies.


• Connect with the 62 members of the DiseaseMaps.org community to share support and lived experiences.


• Request a referral to a comprehensive cancer center if you are currently at a local hospital.

Medical disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment; always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions regarding a medical condition.

References

• National Cancer Institute (NCI): Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®)


• NIH Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD): Acute Myeloid Leukemia


• Orphanet: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (ORPHA:519)


• American Cancer Society: Key Statistics for Acute Myeloid Leukemia