Is Barth Syndrome contagious?

Barth Syndrome is absolutely not contagious and cannot be transmitted through touch, proximity, or any form of social interaction. It is a rare, life-long genetic disorder caused by mutations in the TAZ gene, meaning it is biologically impossible to "catch" the condition from someone else.

What causes Barth Syndrome?

Barth Syndrome is an X-linked genetic disorder, meaning it is inherited through a mutation on the X chromosome. This mutation affects the TAZ gene, which provides instructions for making the protein tafazzin. This protein is essential for the proper development and function of mitochondria, the "power plants" of our cells. Because it is genetic, Barth Syndrome is present at birth, even if symptoms do not become apparent immediately.

Is there any risk of transmission when caring for someone with Barth Syndrome?

There is zero risk of transmission when living with, touching, or providing care for an individual with Barth Syndrome. Because the condition is rooted in the body’s internal cellular metabolism, it does not involve pathogens, bacteria, or viruses. You can safely share meals, household items, and physical affection with individuals living with Barth Syndrome without any concern for your own health.

Why might people mistake Barth Syndrome for a contagious illness?

The confusion surrounding the cause of Barth Syndrome often stems from the severity of its symptoms, which can include:

• Cardiomyopathy (weakened heart muscle)


• Neutropenia (low levels of a specific type of white blood cell)


• Extreme fatigue and muscle weakness


• Delayed growth and puberty

Because these symptoms—particularly frequent infections due to neutropenia—might make an individual appear "sick," those unfamiliar with the condition may mistakenly assume the person has an infectious disease. However, these health challenges are internal physiological manifestations of Barth Syndrome, not the result of an external contagion.

Next steps

• Consult with a genetic counselor to understand family inheritance patterns of Barth Syndrome.


• Connect with the Barth Syndrome Foundation for resources on how to explain the condition to schools and caregivers.


• Join the 4 community members on DiseaseMaps.org to share experiences and find support within our global rare disease network.

Medical disclaimer: This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment; always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions regarding a medical condition.

References

• NIH Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD): Barth Syndrome Overview


• Barth Syndrome Foundation: Understanding the Genetics of the Disorder


• Orphanet: Rare Disease Database (ORPHA:107)


• OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man): #302060