What is Glioma

Glioma is a type of tumor that occurs in the brain and spinal cord, originating from glial cells—the supportive "glue" cells that surround and insulate neurons. While the behavior of a glioma depends on its location and grade, these tumors can impact vital neurological functions, including movement, speech, and cognition, depending on where they develop in the central nervous system.

What are the main types of glioma?

The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies glioma based on the specific type of glial cell involved and the tumor’s growth behavior. The primary categories include:

• Astrocytomas: Arising from star-shaped astrocytes; these range from low-grade to high-grade (such as glioblastoma).


• Oligodendrogliomas: Originating from cells that create the protective myelin sheath around nerves.


• Ependymomas: Developing from ependymal cells that line the fluid-filled spaces (ventricles) of the brain.

How common is glioma and who is affected?

Glioma is relatively rare in the general population compared to metastatic brain tumors, with an incidence rate of approximately 6 per 100,000 people annually. While glioma can occur at any age, it is more commonly diagnosed in adults between the ages of 45 and 65. Data from the DiseaseMaps.org community shows that 34 individuals have already connected to share their unique experiences with this diagnosis.

What causes glioma and how does it develop?

The exact cause of glioma remains the subject of intense research. Pathophysiologically, these tumors result from genetic mutations within glial cells that cause them to divide uncontrollably. Unlike many other cancers, glioma is rarely inherited; the vast majority of cases are sporadic, meaning they occur due to random mutations that happen over a person's lifetime rather than being passed down through families.

What differentiates glioma from other brain tumors?

What sets a glioma apart from other brain tumors is its diffuse nature. Because they arise from the supportive tissue of the brain, these tumors often grow in an infiltrative pattern, weaving themselves into healthy brain tissue rather than forming a distinct, easily removable mass. This characteristic makes surgical management complex and often necessitates a multidisciplinary approach involving neuro-oncology, radiation, and chemotherapy.

Next steps

• Consult a neuro-oncologist to discuss comprehensive diagnostic imaging and biopsy results.


• Connect with the 34 members of the DiseaseMaps.org glioma community for peer support.


• Inquire with your care team about clinical trials investigating targeted molecular therapies.

Medical disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment; always seek the advice of your physician regarding a medical condition.

References

• National Cancer Institute (NCI) - Adult Brain Tumor Treatment (PDQ®)


• NIH Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD)


• World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System


• American Brain Tumor Association (ABTA)