What is Hodgkin's lymphoma

TL;DR: Hodgkin's lymphoma is a type of cancer that originates in the lymphatic system, a vital part of the body’s immune system, characterized by the abnormal growth of white blood cells called lymphocytes. It is highly treatable, often manifesting through enlarged lymph nodes and systemic symptoms like persistent fatigue or night sweats.

What is Hodgkin's lymphoma and how does it affect the body?

Hodgkin's lymphoma occurs when lymphocytes—specifically B cells—begin to grow abnormally and uncontrollably. These malignant cells, known as Reed-Sternberg cells, accumulate in the lymph nodes, spleen, or bone marrow. Because the lymphatic system is widespread, Hodgkin's lymphoma can affect various body systems, potentially compromising the body's ability to fight off infections. As the disease progresses, it can spread through the lymphatic vessels to nearby nodes or enter the bloodstream to reach other organs.

What are the main subtypes of Hodgkin's lymphoma?

Clinical experts classify Hodgkin's lymphoma into two primary categories based on the appearance of the cells under a microscope:

• Classical Hodgkin's lymphoma: This accounts for approximately 95% of cases and is further divided into four subtypes: nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, lymphocyte-depleted, and lymphocyte-rich.


• Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma: This is a rarer form (about 5% of cases) that behaves differently and often requires a distinct treatment approach compared to the classical form.

Who is typically affected by Hodgkin's lymphoma?

Hodgkin's lymphoma shows a unique "bimodal" age distribution, meaning it most commonly occurs in two distinct age groups: young adults (typically between 15 and 30 years old) and older adults (over age 55). While the exact cause remains unknown, it is slightly more common in males than females. Currently, 116 people with Hodgkin's lymphoma have joined the DiseaseMaps community to share their lived experiences and support one another.

How does it differ from other cancers?

What differentiates Hodgkin's lymphoma from Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is the presence of the characteristic Reed-Sternberg cells. Furthermore, Hodgkin's lymphoma is generally considered one of the most curable forms of cancer, with high survival rates when diagnosed and treated early with chemotherapy, radiation, or immunotherapy.

Next steps

• Consult an oncologist or hematologist to discuss any persistent symptoms, such as painless swelling in the neck, armpits, or groin.


• Request a referral for a biopsy, which is the gold standard for confirming a Hodgkin's lymphoma diagnosis.


• Connect with the 116 members of the DiseaseMaps.org community to find peer support and shared resources.


• Ask your healthcare team about clinical trials if you are interested in exploring the latest advancements in treatment.

Medical disclaimer: This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment; always seek the advice of your physician regarding a medical condition.

References

• National Cancer Institute (NIH) - Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment PDQ


• Orphanet: Hodgkin lymphoma (ORPHA:539)


• American Cancer Society - What is Hodgkin Lymphoma?


• Leukemia & Lymphoma Society (LLS) - Patient Education Resources