How do I know if I have Hyperparathyroidism?

Hyperparathyroidism is characterized by the overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which leads to elevated blood calcium levels and can cause symptoms ranging from fatigue and bone pain to kidney stones. If you suspect you have hyperparathyroidism, the most definitive diagnostic step is a blood test measuring both serum calcium and intact PTH levels.

What are the early signs and symptoms of hyperparathyroidism?

Because the parathyroid glands regulate calcium, the symptoms of hyperparathyroidism are often systemic and can be vague, which is why many patients go undiagnosed for years. Common early indicators include persistent fatigue, muscle weakness, frequent thirst, and unexplained mood changes, such as irritability or depression. Many individuals in our community of 154 members at DiseaseMaps.org report "brain fog" or difficulty concentrating as one of their first noticeable symptoms. Because calcium affects many body systems, you may also experience digestive issues, such as constipation or recurrent abdominal pain, often referred to in clinical settings as "moans, groans, and stones."

How can I perform a self-assessment for hyperparathyroidism?

While you cannot diagnose hyperparathyroidism yourself, you can track patterns that provide valuable data for your physician. Monitor your health for the "classic" indicators known as the "stones, bones, abdominal groans, and psychic overtones":

• Stones: Recurrent kidney stones or persistent flank pain.


• Bones: Bone or joint pain, or a history of unexplained fractures (osteoporosis or osteopenia).


• Abdominal Groans: Chronic constipation, nausea, or pancreatitis.


• Psychic Overtones: Fatigue, anxiety, depression, or difficulty focusing.

Which tests should I ask my doctor about?

To investigate hyperparathyroidism, your primary care physician should order a biochemical profile. The core tests are a serum calcium level and an intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) level. It is vital to measure these simultaneously, as a high calcium level with an inappropriately "normal" or high PTH level is a hallmark of hyperparathyroidism. Other tests may include a 24-hour urine calcium test to check for kidney excretion and, if indicated, a DEXA scan to assess bone density.

When should I seek urgent medical evaluation?

Certain "red flags" associated with hyperparathyroidism require immediate medical attention. Seek urgent care if you experience severe abdominal pain (which could indicate pancreatitis), sudden confusion or extreme lethargy, or intense, unmanageable bone pain. Extremely high calcium levels, known as hypercalcemic crisis, can be life-threatening and require prompt intervention to stabilize your levels.

How do I advocate for myself if my concerns are dismissed?

If your doctor dismisses your symptoms, remember that hyperparathyroidism is often overlooked because it is a rare or under-diagnosed condition. Ask your physician specifically: "Could we check my PTH levels alongside my calcium, even if my calcium is at the high end of the normal range?" If you feel your concerns are not being addressed, seek a referral to an endocrinologist who specializes in calcium metabolism or parathyroid disorders. You have the right to request a second opinion if you continue to feel unwell.

Next steps

• Schedule an appointment with your primary care provider to request a serum calcium and PTH blood test.


• Start a symptom log to track your energy levels, mood, and physical discomfort.


• Join the hyperparathyroidism community on DiseaseMaps.org to connect with others who have navigated the diagnostic process.


• Request a referral to an endocrinologist if your initial blood work shows elevated calcium.

Medical disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and does not substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment; always consult with your healthcare provider regarding your specific health concerns.

References

• National Institutes of Health (NIH) - Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD)


• Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs


• Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database on parathyroid disorders