How do I know if I have Multiple myeloma?

Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells that typically presents with bone pain, unexplained fatigue, and recurrent infections. Because these symptoms can mimic common conditions, definitive diagnosis requires specific blood, urine, and imaging tests conducted by a healthcare professional.

What are the common signs of Multiple myeloma?

In the early stages, Multiple myeloma may be asymptomatic. As the disease progresses, the abnormal plasma cells crowd out healthy blood cells and damage bone tissue. Patients often notice persistent, dull bone pain—most commonly in the back or ribs—that does not improve with rest. Other indicators include unexplained weight loss, persistent fatigue caused by anemia, or frequent infections due to a weakened immune system.

How can I perform a self-assessment?

Monitoring your health involves tracking patterns rather than isolated incidents. Keep a log of your symptoms, specifically noting:

• Bone pain: Is it localized, persistent, and worsening?


• Fatigue: Does it interfere with daily activities despite adequate rest?


• Infections: Are you experiencing a cluster of infections (e.g., pneumonia or shingles) in a short timeframe?


• Unexplained symptoms: Note any sudden, unintentional weight loss or excessive thirst.

When should I see a doctor and what tests should I request?

If you suspect you have Multiple myeloma, schedule an appointment with your primary care physician to discuss your symptoms. Be specific about the duration and severity of your concerns. You should ask for a "CRAB" screening, which checks for the classic markers of Multiple myeloma:

1. Calcium elevation (hypercalcemia)


2. Renal (kidney) insufficiency


3. Anemia


4. Bone lesions

What are the red flags for Multiple myeloma?

Seek urgent medical evaluation if you experience sudden, severe back pain associated with weakness or numbness in your legs, as this may indicate spinal cord compression. Furthermore, signs of kidney failure, such as significant changes in urine output or severe swelling, require immediate investigation. While these red flags are concerning, they are also associated with other conditions; however, they must be ruled out by a professional to ensure your safety.

How do I advocate for my health?

If your concerns are dismissed, do not hesitate to seek a second opinion from a hematologist-oncologist. Bring your symptom log to the appointment and firmly request diagnostic blood work, including a serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) and a free light chain assay, which are key to identifying Multiple myeloma. Remember, you are the expert on your own body; persistence is a valid and necessary part of medical advocacy.

Next steps

• Consult a hematologist-oncologist for a comprehensive blood workup.


• Join the Multiple myeloma community at DiseaseMaps.org to connect with 217 other patients who understand your journey.


• Request a referral to a center of excellence specializing in plasma cell dyscrasias.

Medical disclaimer: This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment; always seek the advice of your physician regarding a medical condition.

References

• NIH Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD): Multiple Myeloma


• Orphanet: Rare Disease Database (ORPHA: 2548)


• Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF)


• American Cancer Society: Understanding Multiple Myeloma