What is Multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma is a type of blood cancer that originates in plasma cells, a specialized type of white blood cell found in the bone marrow that normally helps fight infection. When these cells become malignant, they grow uncontrollably, crowding out healthy blood cells and producing abnormal proteins that can damage bones and kidneys.

What happens in the body with Multiple myeloma?

In Multiple myeloma, the cancerous plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow, disrupting the production of healthy red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. This often leads to anemia, increased infection risk, and bleeding issues. Furthermore, these cells release substances that weaken bone structure, leading to pain and fractures, while the excess proteins they produce can overwhelm the kidneys, potentially leading to renal impairment.

Who is typically affected by Multiple myeloma?

Multiple myeloma is primarily a disease of older adults, with the median age at diagnosis being approximately 69 years. While it can occur in younger people, it is rare before the age of 45. Statistically, it is slightly more common in men than in women, and research consistently shows that it affects the Black population at a rate roughly double that of the White population. Currently, there are 217 individuals with Multiple myeloma who have shared their experiences and connected with others through our DiseaseMaps.org community.

How is Multiple myeloma classified?

Clinicians categorize Multiple myeloma based on the type of protein produced or the underlying genetic mutations present. Common classifications include:

• IgG Myeloma: The most common form, characterized by the production of immunoglobulin G proteins.


• IgA Myeloma: A less common subtype that may require more intensive monitoring.


• Light Chain Myeloma: Where only small protein fragments are produced, often causing rapid kidney impact.


• Smoldering Multiple Myeloma: An asymptomatic precursor state that requires careful observation rather than immediate treatment.

How does Multiple myeloma differ from other blood cancers?

Unlike leukemia, which primarily affects the blood and bone marrow fluid, Multiple myeloma is specifically characterized by the formation of "lytic lesions" (holes in the bones) and the secretion of monoclonal proteins (M-proteins) which can be measured in blood and urine tests to monitor disease activity.

Next steps

• Consult a hematologist-oncologist specializing in plasma cell dyscrasias.


• Request a bone marrow biopsy and skeletal survey to establish a baseline.


• Join the community of 217 members on DiseaseMaps.org to find peer support.


• Discuss clinical trial options with your care team if you are newly diagnosed.

Medical disclaimer: This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

References

• NIH Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD): Multiple Myeloma Overview.


• Orphanet: Rare Disease Database (ORPHA: 597).


• American Cancer Society: Detailed Guide on Multiple Myeloma.


• International Myeloma Foundation (IMF): Understanding the Disease.