What is Sensory Processing Disorder

Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) is a neurodevelopmental condition where the brain has difficulty receiving, organizing, and responding to information coming in through the senses. Individuals with Sensory Processing Disorder may experience either an over-responsivity (hypersensitivity) or under-responsivity (hyposensitivity) to everyday sights, sounds, textures, and movements, which can significantly impact daily functioning.

How does Sensory Processing Disorder affect the body?

Sensory Processing Disorder affects how the central nervous system processes sensory input. While most people integrate sensory data automatically, those with Sensory Processing Disorder may feel overwhelmed by "normal" levels of input, such as the hum of a refrigerator or the feel of clothing tags. This can trigger "fight, flight, or freeze" responses, leading to emotional dysregulation or physical avoidance behaviors.

What are the main types of Sensory Processing Disorder?

Clinical experts typically categorize Sensory Processing Disorder into three primary subtypes based on how the brain manages input:

• Sensory Modulation Disorder: Difficulty regulating the intensity of a response to sensory input.


• Sensory-Based Motor Disorder: Challenges with balance, motor coordination, and postural control.


• Sensory Discrimination Disorder: Difficulty interpreting the specific qualities of sensory input (e.g., struggling to tell the difference between two textures).

Who is typically affected by Sensory Processing Disorder?

While exact prevalence remains a subject of ongoing research, studies suggest that Sensory Processing Disorder affects approximately 5% to 16% of school-aged children. It is frequently observed alongside other neurodivergent conditions like ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder, though it can exist as a standalone diagnosis. Currently, 18 members of the DiseaseMaps.org community have identified themselves as having Sensory Processing Disorder, highlighting the importance of peer support for those navigating this diagnosis.

How is Sensory Processing Disorder differentiated from other conditions?

Unlike sensory deficits (such as hearing or vision loss), Sensory Processing Disorder is not caused by damage to the physical organs themselves. Instead, the challenge lies entirely in the brain's neurological "wiring" and how it interprets the signals received from healthy sensory organs.

Next steps

• Consult an Occupational Therapist (OT) who specializes in sensory integration therapy.


• Create a "sensory profile" to identify specific triggers and calming inputs.


• Join the DiseaseMaps.org community to connect with other individuals managing Sensory Processing Disorder.

Medical disclaimer: This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment; always consult with a qualified healthcare provider regarding your health.

References

• STAR Institute for Sensory Processing Disorder (spdstar.org)


• American Occupational Therapy Association (aota.org)


• NIH National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (ninds.nih.gov)


• Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early Intervention (PubMed/NCBI)