Is TNF Receptor Associated Periodic Syndrome contagious?

TNF Receptor Associated Periodic Syndrome (TRAPS) is not contagious; it is a rare genetic autoinflammatory disorder caused by mutations in the TNFRSF1A gene. Because it is inherited and not caused by a virus or bacteria, it is physically impossible to transmit TNF Receptor Associated Periodic Syndrome to another person through touch, proximity, or daily social interaction.

What causes TNF Receptor Associated Periodic Syndrome?

TNF Receptor Associated Periodic Syndrome is an autoinflammatory condition, meaning the body’s innate immune system becomes overactive without an external infection. It is caused by a mutation in the TNFRSF1A gene, which provides instructions for making the tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 protein. When this protein is defective, it leads to prolonged and recurrent episodes of systemic inflammation.

Why is there confusion about the contagion of TRAPS?

The confusion often stems from the clinical presentation of TNF Receptor Associated Periodic Syndrome, which mimics infectious diseases. Patients frequently experience high fevers, chills, and flu-like symptoms that can last for several weeks. Because these symptoms mirror common viral or bacterial infections, those unfamiliar with the condition may mistakenly assume it is contagious. In our DiseaseMaps community, where 4 people with TNF Receptor Associated Periodic Syndrome share their experiences, members often report the social isolation that results from these persistent misconceptions.

Is it safe to be around someone with this condition?

Yes, it is completely safe to interact with, care for, or live with someone who has TNF Receptor Associated Periodic Syndrome. There is no risk of "catching" this disease, as it is strictly related to a person's genetic blueprint. Common misconceptions that lead to stigma are unfounded and medically inaccurate. While environmental triggers can influence the disease, they are not infectious agents:

• Physical trauma: Minor injuries can sometimes trigger an inflammatory flare.


• Stress: High levels of emotional or physical stress are known to exacerbate symptoms.


• Exercise: Intense physical exertion has been reported by some patients as a trigger for episodes.

Next steps

• Consult with a rheumatologist or an immunologist specializing in autoinflammatory diseases.


• Connect with the 4 members of the TNF Receptor Associated Periodic Syndrome community on DiseaseMaps.org to share experiences.


• Visit the NIH GARD website to download educational materials to share with family, friends, or schools to help clear up misconceptions.

Medical disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

References

• NIH Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) - TNF Receptor Associated Periodic Syndrome


• Orphanet: Rare Disease Database - TRAPS


• OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) - TNFRSF1A Gene Entry


• Autoinflammatory Alliance - Patient Resources for TRAPS