How do I know if I have Aortic Dissection?

An aortic dissection is a life-threatening medical emergency characterized by a tear in the inner layer of the aorta, the body’s main artery. If you experience the sudden onset of severe, "tearing" or "ripping" chest or back pain, you must seek emergency medical care immediately, as this condition requires rapid surgical or medical intervention.

What are the early warning signs of an aortic dissection?

Because an aortic dissection is a sudden, acute event, it does not typically present with "early" symptoms that develop over weeks or months. However, individuals with underlying connective tissue disorders or chronic high blood pressure may be at higher risk. The hallmark symptom is the abrupt onset of intense, sharp, or tearing pain, which is most often felt in the center of the chest, radiating through to the back between the shoulder blades. Other symptoms that may accompany this pain include a rapid or sustained heartbeat, significant fatigue, and sometimes neurological deficits or a sudden drop in blood pressure.

How can I perform a self-assessment for aortic dissection?

It is important to understand that you cannot diagnose an aortic dissection at home. Unlike chronic conditions, this is an acute vascular crisis. If you notice any of the following patterns or symptoms, you should not attempt to monitor them; you should call emergency services immediately:

• Sudden, severe pain: A "tearing" or "ripping" sensation in the chest, back, or abdomen.


• Pulse discrepancy: A noticeable difference in pulse strength or blood pressure between your left and right arms.


• Signs of poor circulation: Pale or clammy skin, lightheadedness, or sudden fainting.


• Respiratory distress: Difficulty breathing or a feeling of constriction in the chest.

When should I talk to a doctor about my risk factors?

If you have a family history of aortic disease, or if you have been diagnosed with conditions like Marfan syndrome, Loeys-Dietz syndrome, or chronic uncontrolled hypertension, you should speak with a cardiologist or thoracic surgeon about your specific risk for an aortic dissection. When speaking with your physician, be very clear about your family history and any symptoms you are experiencing. Use precise language, such as: "I am concerned about my aortic health due to [my family history/my condition], and I would like to know if my aorta is stable."

Which tests are used to diagnose an aortic dissection?

In an emergency setting, doctors use rapid, high-resolution imaging to visualize the aorta. The most common tests include:

1. CT Angiography (CTA): The gold standard for quickly confirming the presence and extent of an aortic dissection.


2. Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE): An ultrasound of the heart that provides detailed images of the aortic root.


3. Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA): Used in non-emergency settings to monitor the aorta over time.

How do I advocate for myself if I am worried?

If you feel your concerns are being dismissed, especially if you have known risk factors, it is vital to advocate for yourself. If you are in an emergency room, explicitly state: "I am worried about an aortic dissection." If you are in a routine setting, request a referral to a cardiologist or a vascular specialist who has specific experience with aortic disease. With over 716 people in the DiseaseMaps community sharing their experiences with aortic dissection, you are not alone in seeking answers; finding a specialist who listens to your concerns is a critical step in proactive care.

Next steps

• If you are currently experiencing severe, tearing chest or back pain, call emergency services (911 or your local equivalent) immediately.


• If you have known risk factors, schedule a consultation with a cardiologist or thoracic surgeon to discuss a monitoring plan.


• Join the DiseaseMaps community to connect with others who have navigated the diagnosis and recovery process.


• Keep a detailed record of your blood pressure readings and any episodes of rapid heartbeat to share with your specialist.

Medical disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment; always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions regarding a medical condition.

References

• NIH Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD): Aortic Dissection overview.


• Orphanet: Clinical guidelines for aortic diseases.


• The John Ritter Foundation for Aortic Health: Patient education and advocacy resources.


• OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man): Genetic basis of aortic aneurysm and dissection.