Which are the symptoms of Diphtheria?

Symptoms of Diphtheria

Diphtheria is a highly contagious bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It primarily affects the respiratory system, but can also impact other parts of the body. The symptoms of diphtheria can vary depending on the severity of the infection and the area of the body affected.

Respiratory Symptoms

The most common form of diphtheria is respiratory diphtheria, which primarily affects the throat and nose. The initial symptoms may resemble those of a common cold, including a sore throat, mild fever, and nasal congestion. However, as the infection progresses, the following symptoms may develop:

• Thick grayish-white membrane: One of the hallmark symptoms of diphtheria is the formation of a thick grayish-white membrane in the throat and tonsils. This membrane can obstruct the airway, making breathing difficult.


• Swollen neck glands: The lymph nodes in the neck may become swollen and tender.


• Difficulty breathing and swallowing: The presence of the membrane can cause difficulty in breathing, swallowing, and speaking.


• Hoarseness and voice changes: The voice may become hoarse or muffled due to the obstruction in the throat.

Cutaneous Symptoms

In some cases, diphtheria can manifest as cutaneous diphtheria, which affects the skin. The symptoms of cutaneous diphtheria include:

• Skin ulcers: Painful ulcers covered with a grayish membrane may develop on the skin, typically in areas of poor hygiene or existing skin injuries.


• Swelling and redness: The affected area may become swollen, red, and tender to the touch.


• Fluid-filled blisters: Blisters filled with fluid may form, which can burst and form a thick, grayish crust.

Systemic Symptoms

In severe cases, diphtheria can spread throughout the body, leading to systemic symptoms. These symptoms may include:

• Fever and chills: The body temperature may rise, accompanied by chills and sweating.


• Weakness and fatigue: Generalized weakness and fatigue may be experienced.


• Rapid heartbeat: The heart rate may increase due to the strain on the cardiovascular system.


• Confusion and irritability: In rare cases, diphtheria can affect the nervous system, leading to confusion, irritability, and even paralysis.

It is important to note that diphtheria can be life-threatening if left untreated. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms suggestive of diphtheria, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention. Prompt diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics and antitoxin can significantly improve the outcome and prevent complications.