How do I know if I have Scleroderma?

A diagnosis of scleroderma is typically confirmed through a combination of clinical physical examination, specific blood antibody tests, and imaging, as no single test can definitively identify the condition on its own.

Recognizing Early Signs

The most common early sign of scleroderma is Raynaud’s phenomenon, where fingers or toes change color—often white, then blue, then red—in response to cold or stress. You may also notice persistent puffiness in the fingers (puffy hands), joint pain, or skin thickening that makes it difficult to pinch the skin on your digits. While many people experience cold hands, scleroderma-related Raynaud’s is often more severe and may be accompanied by digital ulcers or sores that heal slowly.

When to Consult Your Doctor

If you notice skin changes, persistent joint swelling, or difficulty swallowing that does not resolve, schedule an appointment with your primary care physician. Be specific: tell them, "I am concerned about autoimmune connective tissue symptoms, specifically Raynaud’s and skin thickening, and I would like to be screened for scleroderma."

Recommended Diagnostic Steps

Ask your doctor about a physical examination for skin tightness and a referral to a rheumatologist. The rheumatologist will likely order an ANA (antinuclear antibody) test, along with specific antibodies such as anti-Scl-70 (anti-topoisomerase) or anti-centromere, which are frequently associated with scleroderma. A nailfold capillaroscopy—a simple, non-invasive exam using a microscope to look at the tiny blood vessels at the base of your fingernails—is a gold-standard tool for early detection.

Red Flags and Self-Advocacy

Seek urgent evaluation if you experience sudden, severe high blood pressure or significant shortness of breath, as these can be signs of internal organ involvement. If your concerns are dismissed, remember that you are the expert on your own body. If a GP is hesitant, request a formal referral to a rheumatologist who specializes in systemic sclerosis or connective tissue diseases. It is perfectly acceptable to seek a second opinion if you feel your symptoms are not being thoroughly investigated.

Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.

References

• NIH Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD)


• Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs


• Scleroderma Foundation


• American College of Rheumatology