How is Scoliosis diagnosed?

Scoliosis is diagnosed primarily through a physical examination and confirmed via standardized imaging, such as X-rays, to measure the curvature of the spine. A diagnosis of scoliosis is confirmed when the Cobb angle—a measurement of the lateral spinal curvature—measures 10 degrees or greater.

How is scoliosis diagnosed step by step?

The diagnostic process for scoliosis typically begins with a physical assessment, such as the Adam’s forward bend test, where a physician observes the back for symmetry. If an abnormality is suspected, the patient is referred for definitive imaging. While 127 members of our DiseaseMaps community have navigated this journey, it is important to remember that scoliosis is often identified during routine screenings or when a patient notices physical changes like uneven shoulders or hips.

What tests and examinations are used for scoliosis?

Diagnosis relies on specific clinical tools rather than blood tests or biopsies. Key assessments include:

• Standing Radiographs: Full-spine X-rays are the gold standard for measuring the Cobb angle.


• Scoliometer Measurement: A simple tool used to measure the angle of trunk rotation during a physical exam.


• MRI or CT Scans: These are typically reserved for cases where the physician needs to rule out underlying spinal cord abnormalities or if the scoliosis is atypical.


• Genetic Testing: While most cases of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis are polygenic, genetic testing is generally not used for standard diagnosis but may be considered in syndromic forms of scoliosis.

Which specialists diagnose scoliosis?

Scoliosis is most accurately diagnosed by an orthopedic surgeon or a pediatric orthopedist. Because scoliosis can be confused with postural issues, leg-length discrepancies, or underlying neuromuscular conditions, seeking a specialist is crucial. If you feel your concerns are being dismissed, do not hesitate to seek a second opinion from a spine specialist who understands the nuances of spinal deformities.

Next steps

• Consult with an orthopedic spine specialist to obtain an accurate Cobb angle measurement.


• Join our DiseaseMaps.org community to connect with the 127 other individuals who have experienced the diagnostic process for scoliosis.


• Keep a personal record of your physical symptoms and imaging reports to share with your care team.

Medical disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

References

• NIH Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD): Scoliosis.


• Scoliosis Research Society (SRS): Patient Education and Diagnostic Criteria.


• Orphanet: Rare disorders associated with spinal deformities.


• American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS): Information on Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.