Is Trisomy 13 Syndrome / Patau Syndrome contagious?

Trisomy 13 Syndrome, also known as Patau syndrome, is not contagious and cannot be spread from person to person through touch, air, or any form of social contact. It is a chromosomal condition caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 13 in the body's cells, meaning it is biologically impossible for it to be transmitted to others.

What causes Trisomy 13 Syndrome?

Trisomy 13 Syndrome occurs due to a genetic error during the formation of reproductive cells (eggs or sperm) or during early embryonic development. In approximately 95% of cases, it results from full trisomy 13, where every cell in the body contains an extra chromosome. In rare instances, it may be caused by translocation or mosaicism. It is not caused by anything the parents did or did not do before or during pregnancy.

Why is there confusion regarding contagion?

Because Trisomy 13 Syndrome involves complex physical and developmental differences, some people unfamiliar with genetics may mistakenly assume the condition is an infectious disease. This stigma is entirely unfounded. Living with, hugging, or caring for an individual with Trisomy 13 Syndrome carries zero risk of infection. The condition is purely internal and genetic, having no environmental triggers or external pathogens involved.

How is Trisomy 13 Syndrome diagnosed?

Diagnosis typically occurs through genetic testing. Common methods include:

• Prenatal screening: Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) or ultrasound findings.


• Karyotyping: A laboratory test that examines the number and structure of chromosomes in a blood sample.


• FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization): A technique used to rapidly identify the presence of the extra chromosome 13.

Addressing stigma and social isolation

Families affected by Trisomy 13 Syndrome often face unnecessary social barriers due to misinformation. It is vital to remember that Trisomy 13 Syndrome is a genetic variation, not an illness that can be "caught." Our community at DiseaseMaps.org, which includes 31 members currently sharing their experiences with Trisomy 13 Syndrome, emphasizes that socialization and physical affection are essential for these individuals, just as they are for anyone else.

Next steps

• Consult with a clinical geneticist to understand the specific type of Trisomy 13 Syndrome affecting your loved one.


• Connect with the 31 other families on DiseaseMaps.org to share experiences and combat social stigma.


• Reach out to support organizations like the Support Organization for Trisomy 18, 13, and Related Disorders (SOFT).

Medical disclaimer: This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider.

References

• NIH Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD): Patau Syndrome.


• Orphanet: Trisomy 13.


• OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man): Chromosome 13, Trisomy 13.


• SOFT (Support Organization for Trisomy 18, 13, and Related Disorders).