Which are the symptoms of Achalasia?

Achalasia is a rare disorder of the esophagus characterized by the inability of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax, leading to the primary symptoms of dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), regurgitation of undigested food, and chest pain. These symptoms occur because the esophageal muscles lose the ability to move food into the stomach, often causing significant weight loss and nutritional challenges for those affected.

What are the primary symptoms of Achalasia?

The hallmark symptoms of Achalasia typically manifest gradually. Patients often report the sensation of food "sticking" in the chest or throat shortly after beginning a meal. Because the esophagus cannot empty properly into the stomach, individuals may experience regurgitation of bland, undigested food or saliva, especially when lying down. Other common manifestations of Achalasia include:

• Dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing both solids and liquids.


• Regurgitation: Bringing up food that has not reached the stomach.


• Chest Pain: Often described as spasms or a heavy, squeezing sensation behind the breastbone.


• Weight Loss: Unintended loss of weight due to difficulty maintaining adequate caloric intake.


• Aspiration: Inhaling food particles or saliva into the lungs, which can lead to chronic cough or pneumonia.

How does Achalasia progress over time?

In the early stages of Achalasia, symptoms may be intermittent, with patients subconsciously compensating by drinking more water or chewing food more thoroughly. Over time, the esophagus may become significantly dilated (megaesophagus), and the severity of dysphagia usually increases. As Achalasia progresses, the risk of aspiration increases, which can lead to respiratory complications if not managed by a gastroenterologist.

When should I seek medical attention for Achalasia symptoms?

While Achalasia is a chronic condition, certain symptoms require urgent evaluation. You should consult a physician immediately if you experience significant, unexplained weight loss, persistent vomiting, or symptoms of aspiration such as fever or shortness of breath. Because 319 people with Achalasia have already shared their experiences on DiseaseMaps.org, we know that early intervention is key to preventing long-term esophageal damage and improving overall quality of life.

Next steps

• Consult a gastroenterologist specializing in esophageal motility disorders to discuss diagnostic testing like manometry.


• Keep a food diary to identify triggers that worsen your specific symptoms of Achalasia.


• Join the Achalasia community at DiseaseMaps.org to connect with others who have navigated these same symptoms.


• Discuss treatment options such as POEM (Per-Oral Endoscopic Myotomy) or Heller Myotomy with your medical team.

Medical disclaimer: This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment; always seek the advice of your physician regarding a medical condition.

References

• NIH Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD): Achalasia


• Orphanet: Achalasia (ORPHA:99971)


• National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)


• PubMed/NCBI: Clinical review of esophageal motility disorders