How do I know if I have Henoch-Schönlein purpura?

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (also known as IgA vasculitis) is a systemic condition characterized by the inflammation of small blood vessels, typically presenting as a distinct reddish-purple rash, joint pain, and abdominal discomfort. If you suspect you have Henoch-Schönlein purpura, look for the hallmark non-blanching rash on the legs and buttocks, and seek medical evaluation to confirm the diagnosis through clinical assessment and urine analysis.

What are the early signs of Henoch-Schönlein purpura?

The most recognizable symptom of Henoch-Schönlein purpura is "palpable purpura"—small, raised red or purple spots that do not fade when pressed. These usually appear on the lower extremities, buttocks, and sometimes the arms. Patients often experience joint pain (arthralgia), particularly in the knees and ankles, and gastrointestinal symptoms like cramping or nausea. While Henoch-Schönlein purpura is most common in children, it can occur in adults, where it often presents with more severe clinical manifestations.

How is Henoch-Schönlein purpura diagnosed?

Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on the presence of the characteristic rash and at least one other symptom, such as abdominal pain or joint involvement. Because Henoch-Schönlein purpura can affect the kidneys, doctors will perform specific tests to monitor your health:

• Urinalysis: To check for blood or protein, indicating potential kidney involvement.


• Blood tests: To assess kidney function and check for inflammatory markers.


• Skin biopsy: Occasionally performed to confirm IgA deposits in the vessel walls.


• Blood pressure monitoring: To ensure the kidneys are not under stress.

When should I seek urgent medical care?

You must seek immediate medical attention if you experience severe abdominal pain, blood in your stool, or significant swelling. These may indicate complications of Henoch-Schönlein purpura that require hospital-based management. If you feel your symptoms are being dismissed, explicitly ask your physician to screen for "IgA vasculitis" and request a baseline urinalysis to rule out renal involvement.

Next steps

• Schedule an appointment with a primary care physician or a rheumatologist.


• Keep a daily log of new spots or symptoms to show your doctor.


• Join our community of 106 people with Henoch-Schönlein purpura at DiseaseMaps.org to share experiences.


• Prioritize rest and hydration while awaiting your clinical evaluation.

Medical disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

References

• NIH Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD): IgA Vasculitis.


• Orphanet: Henoch-Schönlein purpura (ORPHA:2014).


• Vasculitis Foundation: Information on IgA Vasculitis.


• PubMed/StatPearls: Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (IgA Vasculitis).