Is Hereditary multiple exostoses contagious?

Hereditary multiple exostoses is a genetic condition caused by mutations in specific genes and is absolutely not contagious. There is no risk of transmission through touch, proximity, or social interaction, as the condition is strictly inherited from a parent or occurs due to a spontaneous genetic mutation.

Is Hereditary multiple exostoses contagious?

No, Hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) is not contagious. It cannot be spread from person to person through physical contact, sharing personal items, coughing, or any other form of social interaction. Because it is a disorder of bone development dictated by your DNA, it is biologically impossible for it to be transmitted to others. You are completely safe to live with, hug, and interact with family members or friends who have Hereditary multiple exostoses.

What causes Hereditary multiple exostoses?

Hereditary multiple exostoses is a genetic skeletal disorder characterized by the growth of multiple benign (non-cancerous) bone tumors, known as osteochondromas, near the growth plates of long bones. It is primarily caused by pathogenic variants (mutations) in the EXT1 or EXT2 genes. These genes are responsible for producing proteins that help regulate the formation of cartilage and bone. When these genes do not function correctly, the body produces abnormal bone outgrowths. Approximately 90% of individuals with a clinical diagnosis of Hereditary multiple exostoses have a detectable mutation in one of these two genes.

Why is there confusion about the nature of this disease?

The confusion regarding whether Hereditary multiple exostoses is contagious often stems from a lack of public awareness about rare genetic disorders. Because the condition involves visible physical changes, such as bony lumps or limb length discrepancies, those unfamiliar with the condition may mistakenly assume it is an infection or a virus. It is important to clarify that:

• Hereditary multiple exostoses is not caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites.


• It cannot be "caught" through environmental exposure or poor hygiene.


• There are no environmental triggers that cause an individual to "contract" the condition.


• The physical appearance of the exostoses is a result of internal biological growth, not an external contagion.

Is Hereditary multiple exostoses hereditary?

Yes, Hereditary multiple exostoses follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. This means that if one parent has the condition, there is a 50% chance for each child to inherit the mutation. However, it is also possible for the condition to occur as a "de novo" or spontaneous mutation in an individual with no prior family history. With 266 members currently sharing their experiences on DiseaseMaps.org, our community data reflects the wide spectrum of how this genetic condition impacts families, ranging from mild cases to those requiring surgical intervention.

Next steps

• Consult with a clinical geneticist to understand the specific inheritance pattern within your family.


• Schedule regular check-ups with an orthopedic specialist experienced in managing skeletal dysplasias to monitor bone growth.


• Join the DiseaseMaps.org community to connect with others who understand the social and physical realities of living with Hereditary multiple exostoses.


• Educate friends, teachers, and coworkers by sharing factual information about the genetic, non-contagious nature of your condition.

Medical disclaimer: This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment; always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.

References

• NIH Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD): Hereditary multiple exostoses.


• Orphanet: Multiple osteochondromas (Hereditary multiple exostoses).


• OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man): Multiple Exostoses, Familial, Type 1 and 2.


• The MHE Research Foundation: Resources and patient support information.