What is Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is the abnormal, uncontrolled growth of skin cells, most commonly caused by cumulative exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. While there are many types, the condition primarily affects the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, and requires early detection to ensure successful treatment and prevent progression.

What are the primary types of skin cancer?

Skin cancer is broadly classified into two main categories: non-melanoma and melanoma. Non-melanoma types are the most frequent, while melanoma is generally considered more aggressive because it has a higher likelihood of spreading to other parts of the body if not treated promptly.

• Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): The most common form, typically appearing as a pearly or waxy bump.


• Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): Often presents as a firm, red nodule or a flat lesion with a scaly, crusted surface.


• Melanoma: Develops in the pigment-producing cells (melanocytes) and often resembles an irregular mole.

Who is most at risk for skin cancer?

Skin cancer can affect anyone, though incidence rates are highest in individuals with fair skin, light hair, or a history of significant sun exposure. While skin cancer is most commonly diagnosed in adults over age 50, it is increasingly appearing in younger populations. Geographic factors play a major role; individuals living in regions with high UV indices, such as Australia or the southern United States, face a significantly higher risk of developing skin cancer throughout their lifetime.

How does skin cancer develop?

The pathophysiology of skin cancer begins when UV radiation damages the DNA within skin cells. If the body’s natural repair mechanisms fail, these mutations accumulate, causing the cells to divide and grow uncontrollably. Unlike other conditions, skin cancer is highly visible, allowing for early intervention through dermatological screening. Our DiseaseMaps.org community currently supports 34 members who have shared their experiences living with various forms of skin cancer.

Next steps

• Schedule an annual full-body skin examination with a board-certified dermatologist.


• Perform monthly self-exams using the "ABCDE" rule (Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Evolving) to monitor moles.


• Join the 34 members on DiseaseMaps.org to connect with others navigating a skin cancer diagnosis.


• Protect your skin daily with broad-spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen and sun-protective clothing.

Medical disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

References

• National Cancer Institute (NCI) - Skin Cancer Overview


• American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) - Skin Cancer Types


• NIH Genetic and Rare Diseases (GARD) Information Center


• World Health Organization (WHO) - Ultraviolet Radiation and Skin Cancer